00100		This is an attempt  to  delimit  a  small  part  of  what  is
00200	expressed in ordinary language and to give a formal semantics for it.
00300	The idea is that  it  may  be  more  fruitful  to  do  a  small  part
00400	completely  rather  than  spend one's time thinking and arguing about
00500	difficult cases.  We therefore accept the following limitations:
00600	
00700		1. All sentences are descriptive of a certain situation.  The
00800	sentences   do  not  describe  events,  meanings  of  words,  wishes,
00900	assertions  that  people  know  things.   Some  examples  of  allowed
01000	sentences are:
01100	
01200			a. The book is on the table.
01300			b. John is Mary's brother.
01400			c. John is a student.
01500			d. Stanford University is in California.
01600			e. Kansas is between New York and California.
01700			f. Topeka is in Kansas.
01800			g. Topeka is between New York and California.
01900	
02000		2.  All  the  above  sentences  can  be  expressed  by atomic
02100	formulas of first order logic and our intention is  to  do  so.  Thus
02200	they may be replaced by:
02300	
02400			a. on(Book1,Table1)
02500			b. brother(John1, Mary1)
02600			c. student(John1)
02700			d. in(StanfordU, California)
02800			e. between(NewYork,Kansas,California)
02900			f. in(Topeka,Kansas)
03000			g. between(NewYork,Topeka,California).
03100	
03200	I  wrote  John1,  etc. because many people are named John.  I suppose
03300	that there is only one California.  Names designating unique  objects
03400	are  written  beginning with capital letters.  I have not yet decided
03500	whether I should have written the words on, brother, student, between
03600	and in beginning with capitals.
03700	
03800		3.  We  shall  allow  the  use  of  variables, propositional,
03900	connectives and quantifiers in constructing sentences.   The  problem
04000	we  shall  consider first is how to express enough of the facts about
04100	the world so that consequences that anyone  would  admit  in  English
04200	will  follow  formally.   Thus  sentence g follows from e, f, and the
04300	universal sentence
04400	
04500		(∀ w x y z) (between(x,y,z) ∧ in(w,y) ⊃ between(x,w,z)).
04600	
04700		4. We shall not worry about ambiguity of words.  English
04800	words will come with tags designating the number of the sense
04900	intended.  No pronouns will be used and no descriptive phrases.
05000	
05100		5. Even accepting all these restrictions, there is still a lot
05200	of work to be done.  First of all, we need to axiomatize concepts
05300	of spacial location (in, between, adjoining, near, etc.), concepts
05400	of mass (some sugar, a quart of molasses).
05500	posession (John has a book), relationship(John is Mary's brother),
05600	state of action(John loves or is loving Mary) [no distinction since
05700	we are not treating events in time],
05800	predication (this book is red, crows are black),